Earthworms as bio-indicators of metal pollution in dump sites of Abeokuta City, Nigeria

Metal concentrations (Zn, ph, Mn, Cu, Cd and Cr) and contents were measured in earthworms (Libyodrilus violaceus) and soil samples from three non-cont aminated sites and ten dump sites located in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Samples fro m control sites show tin general) levels of metals to be higher in earthwor ms than in soil samples, as shown by the mean concentrations, (earthworms-s oil: - Zn:7.02, 6.74, Pb:5.04, 4.94, Mn 10.54, 10.41, Cu:1.03, 1.60, Cd: 0. 80, 0.81 and Cr: 0.55, 0.49 mu g/g) while for samples from dump sites, irre spective of the degree of pollution, the ratio of metal concentration in ea rthworms to soil samples were less than unity with the exception of Cd and Cr. The availability of metals in soils was also co-determined by the soil pH and soil organic matter which accounted for the trend of metal concentra tion at the various dump sites. For the control sites, the pH ranged from 5 .40 - 6.74 and soil organic matter from 3.25 % to 3.40 %, while for the dum p sites, values of 7.44-10.10 and 5.79 % - 7.59 % were obtained for soil pH and soil organic matter respectively. The metal ion concentration in both soil and earthworm samples followed the trend ph > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Cd. Dump sites with high levels of Pb were located by roadsides of busy highway s.