T. Hauss et al., NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION ON PURPLE MEMBRANES - ESSENTIAL WATER-MOLECULES IN THE LIGHT-DRIVEN PROTON PUMP BACTERIORHODOPSIN, Physica. B, Condensed matter, 234, 1997, pp. 217-219
Neutron diffraction and time-resolved laser-spectroscopic experiments
on the light-driven proton-pump bacterio-rhodopsin revealed the locati
on of water molecules and their functional importance. About seven wat
er molecules in the proton pathway across this membrane protein were d
etermined at 15% rel. humidity in the ground state.