Blood donation is often cited as a perfect example of altruism. But blood m
ust be collected as well as donated, and the organizational basis of the bl
ood supply has been largely neglected. This article is a comparative study
of blood collection regimes in Europe. Regimes are found to affect donation
rates and donor profiles. When the Red Cross collects blood, donation is t
ied to religious activity and other volunteering, unlike state and blood ba
nk systems. This study argues that collection regimes produce their donor p
opulations by providing differing opportunities for donations. The analysis
contributes to an institutional perspective on altruism and highlights the
need to attend to the socially embedded nature of altruistic as well as se
lf-interested action.