Emotion, representation, and consciousness

Rolls's preliminary definitions of emotion and speculative restriction of c onsciousness, including emotional sentience, to humans, display behaviorist prejudice. Reinforcement and causation are not by themselves sufficient co nceptual resources to define either emotion or the directedness of thought and. motivated action. For any adequate definition of emotion or delimitati on of consciousness. nem physiology, such as Rolls is contributing to, and also the resources of other fields, will be required.