Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms in the control of social behavior

The conceptual and investigative tools for the analysis of social behavior can be expanded by integrating biological theory, control systems theory, a nd Pavlovian conditioning. Biological theory has focused on the costs and b enefits of social behavior from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. I n contrast, control systems theory is concerned with how machines achieve a particular goal or purpose. The accurate operation of a system often requi res feed-forward mechanisms that adjust system performance in anticipation of future inputs. Pavlovian conditioning is ideally suited to subserve this function in behavioral systems. Pavlovian mechanisms have been demonstrate d in various aspects of sexual behavior, maternal lactation, and infant suc kling. Pavlovian conditioning of agonistic behavior has been also reported, and Pavlovian processes may likewise be involved in social play and social grooming. Several further lines of evidence indicate that Pavlovian condit ioning can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of social interactions , thereby improving their cost/benefit ratio. We extend Pavlovian concepts beyond the traditional domain of discrete secretory and other physiological reflexes to complex real-world behavioral interactions and apply abstract laboratory analyses of the mechanisms of associative learning to the daily challenges animals face as they interact with one another in their natural environments.