The presence of T-cell clones in peripheral blood has been previously shown
to be associated with a survival advantage in patients with multiple myelo
ma and suggests that the expanded T-cell populations may be involved in an
anti-tumour response. We studied the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of 38
patients with myeloma to identify and characterize the expanded T-cell pop
ulations by now cytometry. T-cell expansions were found in 79% of the patie
nts. The expansions occurred randomly among the 21 variable regions of the
TCR beta chain (V beta) studied, representing 62% of the V-beta repertoire,
and were stable during an 18-month follow-up. The phenotype of the expande
d V-beta populations was predominantly CD8(+), UD57(+), CD28(-) and perfori
n(+), which differed significantly from the other nonexpanded V beta popula
tions. The expression of the apoptosis markers Fas (CD95) and bcl-2 were si
milar between the expanded and non-expanded V beta populations. In conclusi
on, expanded T-cell populations were frequent in patients with myeloma, the
y remained unchanged during follow-up and had phenotypic characteristics of
cytotoxic T cells. These data add further support to the concept that the
T-cell expansions may have an immunoregulatory role in myeloma.