Techniques in endourology - Pediatric retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy

The endoscopic retroperitoneal (retroperitoneoscopic) approach to extirpati ve intervention for benign renal disease is increasingly popular. We descri be several modifications of this approach, including the use of prone posit ioning and 2-mm instruments, that may improve the safety and efficacy of th e technique in children. These modifications provide unobstructed views of the kidney and renal hilum and facilitate dissection in a small working spa ce.