Conjoint control of hippocampal place cell firing by two visual stimuli I.The effects of moving the stimuli on firing-field positions

To better understand how hippocampal place cell activity is controlled by s ensory stimuli, and to further elucidate the nature of the environmental re presentation provided by place cells, we have made recordings in the presen ce of two distinct visual stimuli under standard conditions and after sever al manipulations of these stimuli. In line with a great deal of earlier wor k, we find that place cell activity is constant when repeated recordings ar e made in the standard conditions in which die centers of the two stimuli, a black card and a white card, are separated by 135 degrees on the wall of a cylindrical recording chamber. Rotating the two stimuli by 45 degrees cau ses equal rotations of place cell firing fields. Removing either card and r otating the other card also causes fields to rotate equally, showing that t he two stimuli are individually salient. Increasing or decreasing the card separation (card reconfiguration) causes a topological distortion of the re presentation of the cylinder floor such that field centers move relative to each other: We also found that either kind of reconfiguration induces a po sition-independent decrease in the intensity of place cell firing. We argue that these results are not compatible with either of two previously stated views of the place cell representation; namely, a nonspatial theory in whi ch each place cell is tuned to an arbitrarily selected subset of available stimuli or a rigid map theory. Mie propose that our results imply that the representation is map-like but not rigid; it is capable of undergoing stret ches without altering the local arrangement of firing fields.