Using molecular dynamics computer simulations we investigate the out-of-equ
ilibrium dynamics of a Lennard-Jones system after a quench from a high temp
erature to one below the glass transition temperature. By studying the radi
al distribution function we obtain evidence that during the aging the syste
m is very close to the critical surface of mode-coupling theory. Furthermor
e, we show that two-time correlation functions show a strong dependence on
the waiting time elapsed since the quench and that their shape is very diff
erent from the one in equilibrium. By investigating the temperature and tim
e dependence of the frequency distribution of the normal modes we show that
the energy of the inherent structures can be used to define an effective (
time-dependent) temperature of the aging system.