J. Bergman et al., Acid-induced dimerization of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)maleimides. Formation of cyclopentindole derivatives, J CHEM S P1, (16), 2000, pp. 2615-2621
Acid-induced dimerizations of 3-substituted maleimides have been investigat
ed, leading to e.g. the cyclopentindole 9 and the deeply coloured spiro com
pounds 24 and 25 in good yields. 3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)maleimide 6b readily gave
the cycloaddition products 13-15 on treatment with appropriate dienophiles
. In addition, several related 3,3-di-(1H-indol-3-yl)succinimides have been
prepared and studied.