Decision framework for chemotherapeutic interventions for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer

Best supportive care has long been considered to be the standard therapy fo r metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), There is now evidence from randomized trials that a number of chemotherapy regimens can palliate canc er-related symptoms and modestly improve survival. We show how cost-effecti veness analyses can be used to make choices between different (ambulatory) chemotherapy regimens. Methods: Clinical algorithms describing the diagnosi s, staging, and treatment of metastatic NSCLC were incorporated into Statis tics Canada's Population Health Model. Using consistent methodology, we ass essed the cost-effectiveness of several chemotherapeutic interventions: a c ombination of vindesine (VDS) plus cisplatin, etoposide (VP-16) plus cispla tin, vinblastine (VLB) plus cisplatin, vinorelbine (Navelbine; NVB) plus ci splatin, paclitaxel (Taxol) plus cisplatin, and gemcitabine (GEM) and NVB a lone. We calculated the total chemotherapy costs in 1995 Canadian dollars, the cost per case, the average life-years saved, and the cost per life-year saved. Using the Population Health Model, we then constructed an advanced decision framework that rank-ordered the various treatment regimens so as t o optimize benefit below various cost-effectiveness thresholds, Results: On e regimen (VLB plus cisplatin) appears to result in better survival and low er health care expenditures than best supportive care. By use of cost-effec tiveness thresholds of $25 000 and $50 000 per life-year gained, NVB plus c isplatin is the preferred regimen. When quality of life is considered, howe ver, GEM is preferred to NVB plus cisplatin at a threshold value of $50 000 . At thresholds of $75 000 and $100 000, paclitaxel plus cisplatin at a dos e of 135 mg/m(2) is the preferred regimen. At thresholds of $50 000 and abo ve, best supportive care is the least preferred regimen. Conclusions: This decision framework allows the comparison of different treatment regimens ba sed on various cost-effectiveness thresholds. Our analysis also supports th e use of chemotherapy regimens and the abandonment of best supportive care as the standard of care for patients with advanced NSCLC.