Anti-HIV chemoprophylaxis for blood-exposure accidents: indications, therapeutic choice and evaluation

Chemoprophylaxis against HIV after accidental blood exposures represents a new indication for antiretroviral drugs. Efficacy has been suggested by the results of a case-control study in health care workers and the reduction o f mother to infant transmission of HIV with zidovudine. The post-exposure t reatment should be given as soon as possible, and in the latest at 48 hours . National guidelines recommend a triple therapy with or without protease i nhibitor, adapted to the source patient. The evaluation of efficacy needs a standardized follow-up.