Antiretroviral drugs exhibit significant between-patient pharmacokinetic va
riability. Over the past years, data have emerged demonstrating a link betw
een antiretroviral drug concentrations and efficacy or side-effects. As a r
esult, the issue of therapeutic drug monitoring for these compounds are ari
sen; many published studies provided evidence that plasma concentrations co
ntributes to therapeutic response. However, further information must be col
lected to define more precisely the therapeutic concentrations and the indi
cations of therapeutic drug-monitoring for each drug.