Discrimination of sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome by determination of circulating plasma concentrations of procalcitonin, protein complement 3a, and interleukin-6

Objective: To evaluate whether plasma concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT) , interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein complement 3a (C3a), leukocyte elastase (el astase), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) determined directly after the cli nical onset of sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) dis criminate between patients suffering from sepsis or SIBS and predict the ou tcome of these patients. Design: Prospective study. Setting. Medical intensive care unit at a university hospital. Patients: Twenty-two patients with sepsis and 11 patients with SIRS. Measurements and Main Results: The plasma concentrations of PCT, C3a, and I L-6 obtained less than or equal to 8 hrs after clinical onset of sepsis or SIRS but not those of elastase or CRP were significantly higher in septic p atients (PCT: median, 16.8 ng/mL, range, 0.9-351.2 ng/mL, p = .003; C3a: me dian, 807 ng/mL, range, 422-4788 ng/mL, p < .001; IL-6: median, 382 pg/mL, range, 5-1004 pg/mL, p = .009, all Mann-Whitney rank sum test) compared wit h patients suffering from SIBS (PCT: median, 3.0 ng/mL, range, 0.7-29.5 ng/ mL; C3a: median, 409 ng/mL, range, 279-566 ng/mL; IL-6: median, 98 pg/mL, r ange, 23-586 pg/mL). The power of PCT, C3a, and IL-6 to discriminate betwee n septic and SIRS patients was determined in a receiver operating character istic analysis. C3a was the best variable to differentiate between both pop ulations with a maximal sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 80%. An eve n better discrimination (i.e., a maximal sensitivity of 91% and a specifici ty of 80%) was achieved when PCT and C3a were combined in a "sepsis score." C3a concentrations also helped to predict the outcome of patients. Based o n the sepsis score, a logistic regression model was developed that allows a convenient and reliable determination of the probability of an individual patient to suffer from sepsis or SIRS. Conclusions:Our data show that the determination of PCT, IL-6, and C3a is m ore reliable to differentiate between septic and SIRS patients than the var iables CRP and elastase, routinely used at the intensive care unit. The det ermination of PCT and C3a plasma concentrations appears to be helpful for a n early assessment of septic and SIRS patients in intensive care. (Crit Car e Med 2000; 28:2793-2798).