Np. Chizhikova et al., Mineralogical composition of fine fractions of soils in the terminal zone of the Valdai glaciation, EURAS SOIL, 33(8), 2000, pp. 850-861
The diversity of soil-forming materials in the terminal zone of the Valdai
glaciation is the reason for the diverse mineralogical composition of fine-
dispersed fractions (clay, fine and medium silt) of soils in the Russkii Se
ver (Russian North) national reserve. The modern soil formation results in
the intense transformation of biotite and chlorite into vermiculite, the de
composition of smectite, and the accumulation of kaolinite and quartz in th
e eluvial parts of soil profiles.