Neuropsychological follow up in patients with Parkinson's disease, striatonigral degeneration-type multisystem atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy
P. Soliveri et al., Neuropsychological follow up in patients with Parkinson's disease, striatonigral degeneration-type multisystem atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy, J NE NE PSY, 69(3), 2000, pp. 313-318
Objectives-Impairment or executive function is frequent in Parkinson's dise
ase (PD), striatonigral degeneration-type multisystem atrophy (SND), and pr
ogressive supranuclear palsy (PSP); sometimes frank dementia is also presen
t. However, the progression of cognitive decline has not been adequately st
udied. The objectives were to delineate the progression of cognitive impair
ment in these parkinsonisms and to elucidate interdisease differences.
Methods-Twenty three patients with SND and 21 with PSP, referred consecutiv
ely, and 18 patients with PD matched for severity of parkinsonism were comp
ared on a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests and motor invalidity sca
les. A mean of 21 months later (range 18-24 months) the patients were calle
d for retesting.
Results-Only 12 patients with PD (66.6%), 14 with SND (60.8%), and 11 with
PSP (52.4%) were retested; those who dropped out refused, had died, or were
too disabled. The patients with PSP performed worse than patients with PD
or SND in the short tale, verbal fluency, visual search, and Benton tests a
t first evaluation. Overall cognitive performance was similar in the PD and
SND groups except that the SND group did significantly worse on the verbal
fluency test. Between group comparison of changes in scores from first to
second evaluation showed that patients with PSP deteriorated significantly
in the Nelson test compared with patients with PD or SND, and that patients
with PSP or SND declined significantly on the visual search test compared
with patients with PD. There was no difference between the groups for motor
decline. Two patients with PSP were demented (DSM IV criteria) at first ev
aluation and six at second evaluation; no patients with PD or SND were deme
nted at either evaluation.
Conclusions-The greater decline of patients with PSP in attention, set shif
ting, and categorisation abilities is probably related to the conspicuous f
rontal deafferentation associated with direct premotor and prefrontal invol
vement, and to dysfunction of the midbrain ascending activating system, kno
wn to occur in PSP.