Domesday Book reports the results of a survey of most English manors i
n 1086. The survey was based on responses to questionnaires, which wer
e then publicly verified in local courts, and contains information on
manorial net incomes and resources. In the paper, mathematical program
ming frontier methods are used to investigate the production efficienc
y of Essex lay estates, discover which estates were efficient, which t
enants-in-chief held efficient estates, and the factors associated wit
h efficiency.