Cloud condensation nuclei and ship tracks

Enhancements of droplet concentrations in clouds affected by four ships wer e fairly accurately predicted from ship emission factors and plume and back ground cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) spectra, Ship exhausts thus account ed for the increased droplet concentrations in these "ship tracks." Derived supersaturations were typical of marine stratus clouds, although there was evidence of some lowering of supersaturations in some ship tracks closer t o the ships where CCN and droplet concentrations were very high. Systematic differences were measured in the emission rates of CCN for different engin es and fuels. Diesel engines burning low-grade marine fuel oil produced ord er of magnitude higher CCN emissions than turbine engines burning higher-gr ade fuel. Consequently, diesel ships burning low-grade fuel were responsibl e for nearly all of the observed ship track clouds. There is some evidence that fuel type is a better predictor of ship track potential than engine ty pe.