Foraging under the risk of cannibalism leads to divergence in body size among tiger salamander larvae

Populations of plants and animals are almost always made up of individuals of different sizes. In populations where cannibalism is common, this size v ariation can influence rates of mortality and growth and affect population regulation. Size variation can be caused by a variety of mechanisms. One of these is due to size-specific responses to the threat of predation by pote ntially cannibalistic conspecifics. We investigated the role of antipredato r behavior in size structure development within single-aged cohorts of Ariz ona tiger salamander larvae. In a laboratory experiment, we show that size variation increases over time within groups of salamanders, even if they ar e fed in isolation. We also show that increasing the size of neighbors decr eases the feeding rate of small salamander larvae. However, increasing dens ity of neighbors did not have a significant effect on feeding rate. These r esults are consistent with the hypothesis that size variation among tiger s alamander larvae is, in part, a result of size-specific responses to predat ion risk. We discuss the potential for feedback between size structure deve lopment, predation risk, and rates of cannibalism.