By making comparison of the science indicators, the author has critica
lly examined the development of science and technology (S&T) in India
and Brazil. The SWOT analysis indicate that, with the support of feder
al government, both of these developing countries have built capacitie
s and capabilities in many areas of S&T towards attaining self-relianc
e and have developed potential to excel in the world-market and face c
hallenges thereof. India and Brazil are continuing to make efforts for
attaining the transition from a developing to a developed country and
reviewing S&T policies towards achieving industrial competitiveness.