A status value theory of power in exchange relations

A new status value theory of power is proposed that bridges two previously distinct research literatures. The theory asserts that exchangeable objects controlled by high-status actors are perceived to be more valuable when re levant to positive status characteristics. This phenomenon is predicted to confer power to high-status actors who exchange with low-status actors. The theoretical argument represents an important link between exchange theorie s of power and the research on status hierarchies-two areas that until now have been sharply demarcated. The theory is tested with a series of experim ents in which status-differentiated subjects negotiate exchanges using a co mputerized bargaining system. The results indicate: (I) Positive status cha racteristics accentuate the perceived value of resources; (2) high-status s ubjects are most often chosen as the preferred exchange partner; and (3) hi gh-status subjects obtain the greatest share of resources indicating power use. The implications for sociological theories of power and status are dis cussed.