Comparative in vitro activity of cider and newer fluoroquinolones against respiratory tract pathogens

Citation
S. Esposito et al., Comparative in vitro activity of cider and newer fluoroquinolones against respiratory tract pathogens, CHEMOTHERA, 46(5), 2000, pp. 309-314
Citations number
15
Categorie Soggetti
Pharmacology,"Pharmacology & Toxicology
Journal title
CHEMOTHERAPY
ISSN journal
00093157 → ACNP
Volume
46
Issue
5
Year of publication
2000
Pages
309 - 314
Database
ISI
SICI code
0009-3157(200009/10)46:5<309:CIVAOC>2.0.ZU;2-B
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of older ( ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) and newer (moxifloxacin, grepafloxacin, sparfl oxacin and levofloxacin) fluoroquinolones. Minimal inhibitory concentration s (MICs) were determined, according to the NCCLS guidelines, against the fo llowing respiratory tract pathogens: penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactamase-negati ve Haemophilus influenzae and beta-lactamase-positive Moraxella catarrhalis . In addition, we evaluated the minimal bactericidal concentrations of the same antibiotics against all the pneumococci and the haemophili. Finally, t he activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and moxifloxacin agai nst 15 pneumococci were investigated by time-kill analysis. All fluoroquino lones tested exhibited a similar, good activity against H. influenzae and M . catarrhalis. Against S. pneumoniae, irrespective of penicillin susceptibi lity, moxifloxacin, grepafloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin exhibited excellent activity, better than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Time-kill anal ysis showed that 99.9% killing of all strains was obtained after 24 h with moxifloxacin at 2 x MIC, whereas other antimicrobials obtained similar resu lts at 4 x MIC. Moxifloxacin is characterized by an improved activity again st respiratory pathogens, including penicillin-resistant and -susceptible S . pneumoniae. Its activity is not influenced by beta-lactamase production. These results suggest that moxifloxacin represents a promising alternative for treatment of respiratory tract infections. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.