Photorefractive holographic dynamics in doubly doped LiNbO3 : Fe : Mn

The Kukhtarev two-center model for photochromic doubly doped LiNbO3:Fe:Mn c rystals is both numerically and analytically solved for the recording sensi tivity and the fixed nonvolatile space-charge field. An optimal prescriptio n for material doping and oxidation/reduction processing is found, which re quires that the crystal should be strongly oxidized together with a suitabl e Mn density with respect to the Fe density. Experiments performed with an oxidized crystal and a reduced crystal prove the prediction.