The potential use of peptides and vaccination to treat systemic lupus erythematosus

Studies in humans and mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suggest that the development of autoantibodies and disease is dependent on T helper (Th) cells. This review highlights recent efforts to identify the antigens that activate such autoreactive Th cells. Various laboratories are using d ifferent approaches to identify the autoantigenic epitopes, which appear to be derived from diverse sources such as nucleosome core histones, ribonucl eoproteins, and immunoglobulin variable regions. Identification of the puta tive autoantigenic epitopes has raised the possibility of peptide-specific vaccination as therapy for SLE, Indeed, vaccination of prenephritic lupus-s usceptible mice with such peptides delays the development of autoantibodies and nephritis, and prolongs survival. Recent data suggest that peptide tre atment can also influence established disease in older lupus mice. These st udies offer new hope for a similar treatment approach in patients with SLE, Studies have begun to identify T cell epitopes in human disease. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.