Toxicity of ingested formalin and its management

Formaldehyde is a physiological intermediary metabolite taking part in many biological process in the body. It is a constituent of many items of daily use, including foods. It is also used in medicine for treatment of some co nditions. A 40% solution of formaldehyde in water is known as formalin. For malin is irritating, corrosive and toxic and absorbed from all surfaces of the body. Ingestion is rare because of alarming odour and irritant effect b ut documented in accidental, homicidal or suicidal attempts. Ingestion can lead to immediate deleterious effects on almost all systems of the body inc luding gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular syste m and hepato-renal system, causing gastrointestinal hemorrhage, cardiovascu lar collapse, unconsciousness or convulsions, severe metabolic acidosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. No specific antidote is available. Tr eatment of toxicity is supportive care of the various organ systems. Multid isciplinary approach is required for proper management.