Synthesis of observational data and modeling results as a prospective direction for studying oceans, seas, and lakes

In the introduction of this work, prospects of ocean studies on a modeling basis with the use of observational data are substantiated. Attention is dr awn to the fact that modeling alone is inadequate to give a full descriptio n of the actual ocean, which is primarily connected with inaccuracies and u ncertainties in turbulence parametrization. On the other hand, discrete mea surements in an ocean are highly noisy because of significant spatial and t emporal variations in its actual physical fields; as a consequence, conside rable errors may exist in the observation-derived physical fields. Thus, a conclusion is made that, in order to minimize the drawbacks of either the h ydrodynamic modeling or using observational data, mathematical models with the use of observational data should be applied. Next, the basic models of this type are analyzed: the dynamic method, diagnostic models, adaptation m odels, and four-dimensional analysis. In this case, emphasis is placed on a dvantages and shortcomings of each type of these models.