Good visual function in posterior microphthalmos

Posterior microphthalmos is a rare condition in which the anterior segment is normal in size and configuration, but the posterior segment is reduced i n size; this results in axial hyperopia and retinal folding. Patients have decreased vision that is caused by posterior segment abnormalities, high re fractive error, and amblyopia. We present a case of posterior microphthalmo s in which retinal function was relatively intact and visual loss was belie ved to be primarily caused by refractive error and amblyopia. After treatme nt, the child's visual acuity and school performance improved. This case em phasizes the need for careful examination, refraction, and followup for the se children because their visual potential may be reasonably good.