Identification and characterization of a 315-base pair enhancer, located more than 55 kilobases 5 ' of the apolipoprotein B gene, that confers expression in the intestine
Tj. Antes et al., Identification and characterization of a 315-base pair enhancer, located more than 55 kilobases 5 ' of the apolipoprotein B gene, that confers expression in the intestine, J BIOL CHEM, 275(34), 2000, pp. 26637-26648
We recently reported that an 8-kilobase (kb) region, spanning from -54 to -
62 kb 5' of the human apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene, contains intestine-spec
ific regulatory elements that control apoB expression in the intestines of
transgenic mice. In this study, we further localized the apoB intestinal co
ntrol region to a 3-kb segment (-54 to -57 kb). DNaseI hypersensitivity stu
dies uncovered a prominent DNaseI hypersensitivity site, located within a 3
15-base pair (bp) fragment at the 5'-end of the 3-kb segment, in transcript
ionally active CaCo-2 cells but not in transcriptionally inactive HeLa cell
s. Transient transfection experiments with CaCo-2 and HepG2 cells indicated
that the 315-bp fragment contained an intestine-specific enhancer, and ana
lysis of the DNA sequence revealed putative binding sites for the tissue-sp
ecific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 beta, hepatocyte n
uclear factor 4, and CAAT enhancer-binding protein beta. Binding of these f
actors to the 315-bp enhancer was demonstrated in gel retardation experimen
ts. Transfection of deletion mutants of the 315-bp enhancer revealed the re
lative contributions of these transcription factors in the activity of the
apoB intestinal enhancer. The corresponding segment of the mouse apoB gene
(located -40 to -83 kb 5' of the structural gene) exhibited a high degree o
f sequence conservation in the binding sites for the key transcriptional ac
tivators and also exhibited enhancer activity in transient transfection ass
ays with CaCo-2 cells. In transgenic mouse expression studies, the 315-bp e
nhancer conferred intestinal expression to human apoB transgenes.