R. Gibson et D. Zillmann, Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidental pictorial information on issue perception, JOURN MASS, 77(2), 2000, pp. 355-366
A news report on an Appalachian tick disease was differently illustrated It
either contained no images, an image of ticks, or this tick image plus thr
ee child victims. The victims were ethnically balanced (two White, one Blac
k) or not (either all White or all Black). The text did not make any refere
nce to the victims' ethnicity. Respondents assessed the risk of contracting
the disease for children of different ethnicity. Partiality in pictorially
representing a particular ethnic group fostered the relative overestimatio
n of risk for that group. Inclusion of the image of ticks, especially when
combined with victim images, prompted higher risk assessment overall.