Jc. Rice et Bw. Futscher, Transcriptional repression of BRCA1 by aberrant cytosine methylation, histone hypoacetylation and chromatin condensation of the BRCA1 promoter, NUCL ACID R, 28(17), 2000, pp. 3233-3239
BRCA1 expression is repressed by aberrant cytosine methylation in sporadic
breast cancer, We hypothesized that aberrant cytosine methylation of the BR
CA1 promoter was associated with the transcriptionally repressive effects o
f histone hypoacetylation and chromatin condensation. To address this quest
ion, we developed an in vitro model of study using normal cells and sporadi
c breast cancer cells with known levels of BRCA1 transcript to produce a 1.
4 kb 5-methylcytosine map of the BRCA1 5' CpG island, While all cell types
were densely methylated upstream of -728 relative to BRCA1 transcription st
art, all normal and BRCA1 expressing cells were non-methylated downstream o
f -728 suggesting that this region contains the functional BRCA1 5' regulat
ory region. In contrast, the non-BRCA1 expressing UACC3199 cells were compl
etely methylated at all 75 CpGs. Chromatin immunoprecipitations showed that
the UACC3199 cells were hypoacetylated at both histones H3 and H4 in the B
RCA1 promoter compared to non-methylated BRCA1 expressing cells. The chroma
tin of the methylated UACC3199 BRCA1 promoter was inaccessible to DNA-prote
in interactions. These data indicate that the epigenetic effects of aberran
t cytosine methylation, histone hypoacetylation and chromatin condensation
act together in a discrete region of the BRCA1 5' CpG island to repress BRC
A1 transcription in sporadic breast cancer.