DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURY INTERVENTION STUDIES - A REVIEW OF EVALUATION STRATEGIES

Occupational injuries continue to exact a great toll on American worke rs and their employers-the physical and financial costs are enormous. However, in the current political climate, few employers or regulatory agencies will implement injury prevention interventions without speci fic evidence of their effectiveness. This paper reviews the literature on the design, conduct, and evaluation of occupational injury interve ntions. Our review suggests that randomized controlled trials are rare and also notes that the quasi-experimental studies in the literature often use the weakest designs. We recommend a hierarchical approach to evaluating occupational injury interventions-beginning with qualitati ve studies, following up with simple quasi-experimental designs using historical controls, continuing with more elaborate quasi-experimental designs comparing different firms' experience, and, when necessary, i mplementing randomized controlled trials. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.