Insights into the functions of type 1 (AT(1)) angiotensin II receptors provided by gene targeting

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a wide range of actions in biologica l processes ranging from development and reproduction to cardiovascular and renal functions. Most of these actions are mediated by the octapeptide hor mone angiotensin II. The identified family of angiotensin II receptors is d ivided into two pharmacological classes: type 1 (AT(1)) and type 2 (AT(2)). The classically recognized actions of the RAS are primarily mediated by th e AT(1) subtype of angiotensin receptors, and these receptors are the targe ts of a new class of anti-hypertensive agents. In recent years, our underst anding of the physiological functions of AT(1) receptors has been advanced through the use of gene-targeting technology. In this review, we will summa rize the emerging picture of AT(1) receptor functions that has been provide d by gene-targeting experiments.