In order to understand the details of the extraordinary enhancement of the
optical transmission through subwavelength holes in metal films, we have fa
bricated perforated free-standing metal films where the nature of the bulk
and surfaces can be controlled independently. We find that the transmission
enhancement depends only on the dielectric properties of the metal within
a skin depth of the two in-plane surfaces and not on those of the film core
, nor on the metal constituting the hole walls. This provides direct and co
nclusive evidence that the phenomenon is mediated by surface plasmons. (C)
2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00837-8].