Greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants from household stoves in China: a database for emission factors

Emissions from household stoves, especially those using solid fuels. can co ntribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and have adverse health impacts. Few data are available on emissions from the numerous type s of cookstoves used in developing countries. We have systematically measur ed emissions from 55 fuel/stove combinations in India and China, a large fr action of the combinations in use world-wide. A database was generated cont aining emission factors of direct and indirect GHGs and other airborne poll utants such as CO2, CO, CH4, TNMHC, N2O, SO2, NOx, TSP, etc. In this paper, we report on the 28 fuel/stove combinations tested in China. Since fuel an d stove parameters were measured simultaneously along with the emissions, t he database allows construction of complete carbon balances and analyses of the trade-off of emissions per unit fuel mass and emissions per delivered energy. Results from the analyses show that the total emissions per unit de livered energy were substantially greater from burning the solid fuels than from burning the liquid or gaseous fuels, due to lower thermal and combust ion efficiencies for solid-fuel/stove combinations. For a given biomass fue l type, increasing overall stove efficiency tends to increase emissions of products of incomplete combustion. Biomass fuels are typically burned with substantial production of non-CO2 GHGs with greater radiative forcing, indi cating that biomass fuels have the potential to produce net global warming commitments even when grown renewably. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All r ights reserved.