Divergent regulation of HIV-1 replication in PBMC of infected individuals by CC chemokines: suppression by RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MCP-3, and enhancement by MCP-1
E. Vicenzi et al., Divergent regulation of HIV-1 replication in PBMC of infected individuals by CC chemokines: suppression by RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MCP-3, and enhancement by MCP-1, J LEUK BIOL, 68(3), 2000, pp. 405-412
We investigated the role of different CC chemokines, including regulated up
on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inf
lammatory protein-1 alpha (MLP-1 alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MC
P-1), and MCP-3 on virus replication in cultures established from CD8(+) T
cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-infected ind
ividuals that were either cocultivated with allogeneic T cell blasts (ATCB)
of uninfected individuals or directly stimulated by mitogen plus interleuk
in-2. RANTES was the only chemokine that showed a clear-cut suppressive eff
ect on HIV replication in both culture systems, although inhibitory effects
were frequently also observed with MIP-1 alpha, MCP-3, and, occasionally,
with MCP-1, In contrast, MCP-1 frequently enhanced HIV production in most p
atients' cultures or cocultures that were characterized by secreting relati
vely low levels (<20 ng/mL) of MCP-1. When CD8-depleted PBMC of HIV+ indivi
duals were cocultivated with ATCB of uninfected healthy donors, a positive
correlation was observed between MCP-1 concentrations and the enhancement o
f HIV-1 replication occurring after depletion of CD8(+) cells from donors'
cells. Depletion of CD14(+) cells (monocytes) from ATCB resulted in the dow
n-regulation of virus replication during cocultivation with CD8-depleted PB
MC of infected individuals. Of interest, MCP-1 zip-regulated HIV production
in these CD14-depleted ATCB cocultures, Altogether these observations sugg
est that MCP-1 may represent an important factor enhancing HIV spreading, p
articularly in anatomical sites, such as the brain, where infection of macr
ophages and microglial cells plays a dominant role.