The free-expansion hydroforming of tribes is discussed. Different steel gra
des have been studied by means of experiments, FEM simulations and a simple
analytical model. The effect of different material parameters, such as the
r-value and the n-value, on the hydroformability of tubes is discussed. Ap
plying the analytical model, the favourable shape of a free-expanded tube i
s predicted and a ranking of different grades based on this model is propos
ed. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science S.A.