During the millions of years they have coexisted with their hosts, viruses
have learned how to manipulate host immune control mechanisms. Viral gene f
unctions provide an overview of many relevant principles in cell biology an
d immunology. Our knowledge of viral gene functions must be integrated into
virus-host interaction networks to understand viral pathogenesis, and coul
d lead to new anti-viral strategies and the ability to exploit viral functi
ons as tools in medicine.