The paper discusses one of the key concepts of Paul's anthropology, the con
cept of the 'inner human being' ("o eso anthropos"). According to recent co
ntributions by U. Duchrow, T.K. Heckel, C. Markschies and W. Burkert, Paul'
s concept originated in Plato. The questions still open are: How did the co
ncept get into the hands of Paul? How does Paul interpret the concept in ac
cordance with his own theological anthropology? Answering these two questio
ns is the goal of the paper.