Three-dimensional modelling of ice accretion density

A three-dimensional, random-walk, ballistic model is used to simulate the d ensity and structure of an ice accretion formed by impinging supercooled dr oplets. The model is calibrated using experimental observations of the ice density at the stagnation line on a fixed circular cylinder. A relationship has been established between the Macklin parameter, used commonly to relat e atmospheric conditions with ice accretion density, and model parameters. The model is applicable over a wide range of growth conditions, including, in the limits, growth where the droplets freeze on impact and growth where the droplets spread over and percolate into the existing ice structure.