Green up-conversion emission in Er3+: BaTiO3 sol-gel powders

Bright green emissions at 549 and 526 nm have been observed from sol-gel de rived Er3+:BaTiO3 powders upon excitations at two near infrared (NIR) wavel engths of 973 and 816 nm. The decay characteristics were measured and studi ed. It was found that the predominant emission at 549 nm has very different lifetimes upon excitation at 973 and 816 nm, which was explained by the me chanisms of excited state absorption (ESA) of individual Er3+ ion and coope rative energy transfer (CET) between two near Er3+ ions for the up-conversi on emission. Analysis also showed that 973-nm excitation is more effective for the green up-conversion emission. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All ri ghts reserved.