New strategies in vaccine delivery

At the Declaration of New York in September 1990, the Children's Vaccine In itiative (CVI) set up an International Task Force for Vaccine Development w ith the aim of developing an ideal vaccine. As we enter the 21(st) century, most vaccines are still delivered via parenteral routes, with a few notabl e exceptions. Many current approaches to vaccine delivery focus on either t he production of a single-dose vaccine, or the exploitation of parenteral r outes of administration. There are also a number of novel strategies in bio technology which promise to take vaccine development into the new millenniu m. lit this paper we describe some of the novel approaches currently being investigated to achieve successful vaccine delivery, present some of the da ta from vaccine delivery studies carried out in our laboratories, and outli ne some of the novel technologies which may shape the future of vaccine del ivery in the early 21(st) century.