Laparoscopic sonography of the biliary tree and pancreas

Laparoscopic sonography is an important tool for pancreaticobiliary surgeon s. It is used to evaluate and manage common bile duct stones, pancreatic ne oplasia, pseudocytes, and tumors of the biliary tree. This article discusse s the rationale for using laparoscopic sonography in the clinical setting, reviews the techniques, findings, and experience of the authors and other i nvestigators, and presents advantages and disadvantages.