Laparoscopic esophageal surgery

In its 9-year history, laparoscopic esophageal surgery has become second on ly to gallbladder surgery in the frequency of minimally invasive procedures performed in routine surgical practice. Laparoscopic fundoplication has as sumed a central role in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Laparoscopic myotomy has emerged as the optimal form of therapy for achalas ia, and staging laparoscopy has been identified as an important adjunct to the preoperative evaluation of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction car cinoma. Laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair and remedial laparoscopic antireflux surgery currently are gaining acceptance. Laparoscopic gastropl asty, esophagectomy, and diverticulectomy are undergoing clinical trials, a nd their roles remain to be defined.