Posttraumatic stress disorder following violence and aggression

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been the focus of considerable att ention and some controversy, since it was formally recognized in 1980. The disorder appears to be relatively common among survivors of violent crime, particularly rape victims. In its more serious forms, it is a chronic and d isabling psychiatric disorder associated with high comorbidity and impairme nt of functioning. This article provides a review of PTSD following violenc e and aggression, beginning with a description of the clinical characterist ics and diagnostic criteria. A multifaceted approach to assessment is descr ibed designed to improve diagnostic accuracy, with particular reference to psycholegal settings. Psychological treatment for PTSD is discussed in the context of the available outcome literature. Finally, the issue of preventi on and early intervention in traumatic stress is addressed. (C) 2000 Elsevi er Science Ltd. All rights reserved.