We study the spectral determinant of the Laplacian on finite graphs charact
erized by their number of vertices V and bonds B. We present a path integra
l derivation which leads to two equivalent expressions of the spectral dete
rminant of the Laplacian in terms of either a V x V vertex matrix or a 2B x
2B link matrix that couples the areas (oriented bonds) together, This latt
er expression allows us to rewrite the spectral determinant as an infinite
product of contributions of periodic orbits on the graph. We also present a
diagrammatic method that permits us to write the spectral determinant in t
erms of a finite number of periodic orbit contributions. These results are
generalized to the case of graphs in a magnetic field, Several examples ill
ustrating this formalism are presented and its application to the thermodyn
amic and transport properties of weakly disordered and coherent mesoscopic
networks is discussed. (C) 2000 Academic Press.