Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in bladder cancer

Background: The levels of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 (type I V collagenases), which degrade the extracellular matrix of the basement mem brane, were evaluated as prognostic indicators of metastasis in urothelial carcinoma. Materials and methods: Quantitative gel zymography and immunohis tochemistry were used and compared with clinical data at the follow-up peri od of 36 months. Results: Zymographical analysis of the levels of MMP-9 and active MMP-2 showed a statistically significant increase with tumor grade and invasiveness. This correlation was confirmed by immunohistochemical ana lysis of MMP-9 expression. However, the correlation between the levels of b oth gelatinases with recurrence in superficial rumours or progression in in vasive tumours was not statistically significant. Conclusion: MMPs may have an important role in the invasion mechanism of urothelial cancer and could be useful prognostic markers for patients with bladder carcinoma. The rela tionship between MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and the metastatic potential of bladder carcinoma needs further evaluation in subsequent clinical studies.