A. Laio et al., QUANTUM-THEORY OF FREQUENCY-SHIFTS OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE INTERACTING WITH A PLASMA, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 55(6), 1997, pp. 7457-7461
In this paper we calculate the frequency shift induced on a photon by
the interaction with a low density electronic plasma. The technique is
the standard perturbation theory of quantum electrodynamics, taking i
nto account the many body character of the plasma. The shift in the no
nrelativistic approximation is shown to be blue. Besides the quantum s
hift, the known classical effects and the correct temperature dependen
ce are also obtained. Finally the limits of the approximations used ar
e discussed.