Constitutive models of frozen soil

The constitutive models on viscoelastoplasticity and the damage to frozen s oil presented in this paper can be used to analyze the relationship of stre ss and strain, under complicated stress states, and damage development and the failure process of the internal structure of frozen soil. The models su ccessfully predict the whole process of creep, including the failure stage. Both strengthening and weakening effects of confining pressure, namely inc reasing the friction force between soil particles and decreasing the frozen force between ice and the soil particles due to pressure melting of ice, a re considered in the constitutive models.