Oblique lateral cephalometric radiographs of the mandible in implantology:usefulness and reproducibility of the technique in quantitative densitometric measurements of the mandible in vivo

In the literature intraoral periapical radiographs are commonly used for de nsitometric measurements of the mandible with implants. These films give de tailed information of the implant and the surrounding bone. However, in ext reme mandibular atrophy it can be difficult to obtain intraoral radiographs of adequate diagnostic quality. Extraoral Oblique Lateral Cephalometric Ra diographs (OLCRs) can then be the alternative: reproducible images of large parts of the mandible can be obtained. In vitro, the results of densitomet ry using periapical films and OLCRs were shown to be similar. The present s tudy aims to determine the measurement error of densitometry with OLCRs in vivo. In 16 patients (group I) with atrophic mandible and implants, duplica te OLCRs of one side of the jaw were obtained. The error of measurement for the densitometric measurements of the mandibular bone was 5.5%. The use of a specially developed correction program to compensate for undesired varia tions in the projection of the soft tissues of the face (tongue, lips, chee k and neck) on the radiographs resulted in a 40% reduction of that measurem ent error to 3.5%. This remaining error is mainly brought about by an imper fect repositioning of the patient when the duplicate OLCRs are obtained. Th e error caused by the image acquisition, processing and measurement is less than 1%. Deliberate variation up to 7.5 degrees of the horizontal angle wh erein the OLCRs are made, results in a large error of measurement of 13.5% (group II: 17 patients). To reduce this variation the additional soft tissu e correction program is unsuitable. It is concluded from this study that th e described radiographic and image analysis technique is a promising tool f or prospective densitometric studies of the mandible with or without implan ts. Especially in mandibles with bone grafts and implants, substantial chan ges in the graft can occur. The described technique may be particularly val uable in analyzing these changes.