Development of semianalytical axisymmetric shell models with embedded sensors and actuators

This paper presents thr development of two semianalytical axisymmetric shel l finite element models, which have the possibility of having embedded and/ or surface-bonded piezoelectric ring actuators and/or sensors. A mixed fini te element approach is used, which combines the equivalent single-layer hig her-order shear deformation theory, to represent the mechanical behavior wi th a layerwise discretization in the thickness direction to represent the d istribution of the electrical potential of each piezoelectric layer of the frusta conical finite element. The electrical potential function is represe nted through a layerwise discretization in the thickness direction and can be assumed linear or quadratic with two or six electrical potential ring no des per piezoelectric layer. The displacement field and the electrical pote ntial are expanded by Fourier series in the circumferential direction, cons idering symmetric and antisymmetric terms. Several examples are presented a nd discussed to illustrate the accuracy and capabilities of both models. (C ) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.